微量元素与健康研究

目的 分析高龄孕产妇孕期营养情况和相关影响因素。方法 选取2023年1月至12月泰安市妇幼保健院收治的高龄孕产妇100例作为研究对象，根据营养风险评估方法将高龄产妇分为营养风险组和非营养风险组，收集两组孕妇的年龄、文化程度、孕期体质量增重、是否服用营养剂、孕周等资料，利用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析，探讨影响高龄孕产妇孕期营养状况的因素。结果 通过对影响高龄产妇妊娠期营养风险发生的临床资料进行单因素分析显示：年龄、饮食习惯、分娩方式等差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);文化程度、是否服用营养剂、孕周和孕期体质量增重是造成妊娠期风险发生的主要因素(P<0.05)。以文化程度、是否服用营养剂、孕周和孕期体质量增重指标作为影响高龄孕产妇孕期营养状况的危险因素进行多因素logistic回归分析，结果显示：文化程度(β=2.687,OR=0.068,95%CI=0.007-0.668,P<0.001)、是否服用营养剂(β=2.992,OR=0.050,95%CI=0.004-0.609,P<0.001)、孕周(β=4.054,OR=0.017,95%CI=0.002-0.179,P<0.001)和孕期体质量增重(β=3.107,OR=22.344,95%CI=1.434-348.238,P<0.001)是影响营养状况的独立因素。结论 文化程度、是否服用营养剂、孕周及孕期体质量增重是影响高龄孕产妇孕期营养状况的关键因素，因此要重视对高龄孕产妇的营养补充，优化高龄孕产妇的饮食指导，满足高龄孕产妇的营养需求，改善不良妊娠结局。

Objective To assess the nutritional status of elderly pregnant women during pregnancy and explore associated influencing factors.Methods 100 cases of elderly pregnant women admitted to Tai'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects, and the elderly pregnant women were divided into nutritional risk group and non-nutritional risk group according to the nutritional risk assessment method, and the information on age, education level, body mass gain during pregnancy, whether to take nutritional supplements, and gestational weeks of pregnant women of the two groups was collected, and the one-way and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were utilized to, to explore the factors affecting the nutritional status of advanced maternal age during pregnancy.Results A univariate analysis of the clinical data affecting the occurrence of nutritional risk during pregnancy in women of advanced maternal age showed that the differences in age, dietary habits, and mode of delivery were not statistically significant(P>0.05); literacy, whether or not to take nutritional supplements, gestational weeks, and gestational body mass gain were the main factors contributing to the occurrence of risk during pregnancy(P<0.05). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis using literacy level, whether taking nutrients, gestational week and gestational body mass gain indicators as risk factors affecting the nutritional status of pregnant women of advanced maternal age during pregnancy showed that: literacy level(β=2.687, OR=0.068, 95% CI=0.007-0.668, P<0.001), whether taking nutrients(β=2.992, OR=0.050, 95% CI=0.004-0.609, P<0.001), week of gestation(β=4.054, OR=0.017, 95% CI=0.002-0.179, P<0.001), and gestational body mass gain(β=3.107, OR=22.344, 95% CI=1.434-348.238, P<0.001) were independent factors influencing nutritional status.Conclusion Literacy level, whether to take nutrients, gestational weeks and body mass gain during pregnancy are the key factors affecting the nutritional status of elderly pregnant women during pregnancy, so we should pay attention to nutritional supplementation of elderly pregnant women, optimize the dietary guidance of elderly pregnant women, meet the nutritional needs of elderly pregnant women, and improve the adverse pregnancy outcomes.